A Comparative Grammar of the Sanscrit, Zend, Greek, Latin, Lithuanian, Gothic, German, and Sclavonic Languages, Volume 1James Madden, 1854 |
Outras edições - Ver tudo
A Comparative Grammar of the Sanscrit, Zend, Greek, Latin, Lithuanian ... Franz Bopp Visualização integral - 1845 |
A Comparative Grammar of the Sanscrit, Zend, Greek, Latin, Lithuanian ... Franz Bopp Pré-visualização indisponível - 2009 |
A Comparative Grammar of the Sanscrit, Zend, Greek, Latin, Lithuanian ... Franz Bopp Pré-visualização indisponível - 2010 |
Palavras e frases frequentes
abbreviation ablative according accus adjective bases adverbs analogy Anquetil answers Anuswâra appears ashavan aspirates become belongs Burnouf cognate languages comp comparative compounds consonants corresponds Crit dative declension derived dialect diphthong Dobrowsky dual end of words euphonic example express feminine bases final vowel formation frequently gender genitive giba Gothic Gramm Grammar Greek Grimm Guna guttural hence identical Indian inflection inflexion instance Instr instrumental labial Latin lengthening letter LITHUAN Lithuanian locative masc masculine masculine and neuter medials Middle High German nasal neuter nominative and accusative occurs Old High German Old Sclavonic original person plural Prâkrit preceding preposition preserved preterite pronominal base pronoun recognise regard relation remains remarked root Sansk Sanskrit and Zend semi-vowel shews sibilant signifies singular skrit sonant sound stands substantive suffix superlative suppressed syllable termination theme tion tive uninflected unorganic Vêda Vend verb Vriddhi weakened whence
Passagens conhecidas
Página 99 - Chinese, where all is hitherto bare root, and the grammatical categories and secondary relations after the main point, can only be discovered from the position of the roots in the sentence. Secondly, Languages with monosyllabic roots, which are capable of combination, and obtain their organism and grammar nearly in this way alone. The chief principle of the formation of words, in this class, appears to me to lie in the combination of verbal and pronominal roots, which together represent, as it were,...
Página ix - Grammar could only be recovered by the process of a severe regular etymology, calculated to bring back the unknown to the known, the much to the little ; for this remarkable language, which in many respects reaches beyond, and is an improvement on, the Sanskrit, and makes its theory more attainable, would appear to be no longer intelligible to the disciples of Zoroaster. Rask, who had the opportunity to satisfy himself on this head, says expressly (V. d. Hagen, p. 33) that its forgotten lore has...
Página v - ... separated for ages, but bearing indubitable features of their family connection. In the treatment, indeed, of our European tongues a new epoch could not fail to open upon us in the discovery of another region in the world of language, namely the Sanscrit,* of which it has been demonstrated, that, in its grammatical constitution, it stands in the most intimate relation to the Greek, the Latin, the Germanic, &c. ; so that it has afforded, for the first time, a firm foundation for the comprehension...
Página xii - Rask claims for it perhaps in too high a degree," and adds that " we are unwilling to receive the Zend as a mere dialect of the Sanscrit, and to which we are compelled to ascribe an independent existence, resembling that of the Latin as compared with the Greek, or the old Northern with the Gothic. It in many respects reaches beyond, and is an improvement on. the Sanscrit.
Página 92 - ... pronounced by means of a simple vowel, and probably (as we may infer from the monosyllabic forms 2*!?, 7?, '-^ more allied in sense to the noun than to the verb. We may say, to a certain extent, of the primitive Semitic roots, what Bopp has affirmed of one class of Sanscrit roots, that from them " spring verbs and nouns (substantives and adjectives), which stand in fraternal connection with the verbs, not in the relation of descent from them, not begotten by them, but sprung from the same shoot...
Página vii - ... languages is not less universal, but in most of its bearings of a quality infinitely more refined. " The members of this race inherited, from the period of their earliest youth, endowments of exceeding richness, and with a system of unlimited composition and agglutination. Possessing much, they are...
Página v - CONTEMPLATE in this work a description of the comparative organization of the languages enumerated in the title page, comprehending all the features of their relationship, and an inquiry into their physical and mechanical laws, and the origin of the forms which distinguish their grammatical relations. One point alone I shall leave untouched, the secret of the roots, or the foundation of the nomenclature of the primary ideas. I shall not investigate, for example, why the root / signifies " go " and...
Página vi - East, which should accompany, pari passu, nay, sometimes surpass, the Greek in all those perfections of form which have been hitherto considered the exclusive property of the latter, and be adapted throughout to adjust the perennial strife between the Greek dialects, by enabling us to determine where each of them has preserved the purest and the oldest forms...
Página vi - ... the methods, also, of a system of unlimited composition and agglutination. Possessing much, they were able to bear the loss of much, and yet to retain their local life; and by multiplied losses, alterations, suppressions of sounds, conversions and displacements, the members of the common family are...
Página 3 - ... 3. Among the simple vowels the old Indian alphabet is deficient in the designation of the Greek epsilon and omicron (e and o), whose sounds, if they existed when the Sanscrit was a living language, yet could only have evolved themselves, subsequently to the fixing of its written character, out of the short a ; for an alphabet which lends itself to the subtlest gradations of sound would assuredly not have neglected the difference between a, e, and o, if the sounds had been forthcoming...